1. Johan Galtung, "Violence and peace", in Paul Smoker et al., A Reader in Peace Studies (Oxford: Pergamon, 1990), p. 11.

2. I have discussed these changes at some length in The Nation-State and Violence (Cambridge: Polity, 1987). For an important analysis, see Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital and European States AD 990-1990 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1990).

3. Martin Shaw, Post-Military Society (Cambridge: Polity, 1991).

4. Jean Bethke Elshtain, Women and War (New York: Basic, 1988).

5. Marilyn French, The War Against Women, p. 200.

6. Ibid., p. 198.

7. Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (Garden City: Doubleday, 1970), pp. 44-5.

8. Sylvana Tomaselli and Roy Porter, Rape (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986).

9. One of the best discussions of these issues is to be found in Lynne Segal, Slow Motion (London: Virago, 1990), ch. 5.

10. Jon Gershuny, "Change in the domestic division of labour in the UK", in Nick Abercrombie and Alan Warde, Social Change in Contemporary Britain (Cambridge: Polity, 1992).

11. Segal, Slow Motion, pp. 308, 317.

12. Diana Scully, Understanding Sexual Violence (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990).