BIO305 Developmental Biology

EXAM #2

________________________ NAME

Write a one or two word answer in the space provided.

one point each, 15 points total

1) ______________________ In which cells of the fruit fly is the bicoid gene transcribed?

2) ______________________ In which cells of the fruit fly is the bicoid mRNA translated?

3) ______________________ What gene governs the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in flowering plants?

4) ______________________ Give the name of one of the transcription factors that controls cell determination in muscle cell precursors.

5) ______________________ What ion regulates cadherin binding?

6) ______________________ What is the name for the set of microtubular “railroad tracks” involved in the delivery of molecules from the nurse cells to the oocyte in fruit flies?

7) ______________________ What are stem cells called in plants?

8) ______________________ What hormone is produced in the apical meristem and represses growth of lateral meristems?

9) ______________________ What is the general term for a mutation that leads to an increase in gene function?

10) ______________________ What is the general term when multiple nuclei are contained within a single cell?

11) ______________________ What are mutations called that lead to a replacement in the timing of development?

12) ______________________ What somatic cells surround the germline cells in the fruit fly ovary?

13) ______________________ What is a meristem called that will produce multiple flowers?

14) ______________________ Where is Collagen located?

15) ______________________ What cells produce the dorsal root sensory ganglia of the mammalian nervous system?

Match the following fruit fly gene products with a letter from the descriptions below. Use each letter only once.

1.5 points each, 15 points total

_____ Gurken

_____ Dorsal

_____ Pipe

_____ Engrailed

_____ Wingless

_____ Decapentaplegic

_____ Toll

_____ Hunchback

_____ Antennapedia

_____ Even-skipped

A - expressed in the posterior compartment of each segment

B - expressed in the anterior compartment of each segment

C – expression of this gene in the follicle cells is repressed by Gurken signaling

D - a transcription factor expressed in seven stripes in the embryo

E - a homeotic selector gene

F - transcription factor that is activated by the Toll pathway

G - a TGFb family member that opposes Dorsal action

H - transmembrane receptor that is “far out”

I - has a role in determining both the anterior/posterior AND dorsal/ventral axes

J - the transcription factor Bicoid binds to the promoter of this gap gene

Use the attached pages to answer the following.

10 points each, 30 points total

1) Name the two basic types of cell intercalation, describe them, and give an example of each.

2) Describe RNAi and include in your answer a description of the function of the nematode lin-14 and lin-4 genes as examples.

3) Compare programmed cell death pathways in nematode and mammals.

Use the attached pages to answer the following.

20 points each, 40 points total

1) Describe in words and diagrams how flower pattern is organized. Include descriptions of what the genes are like that are involved in the process but you don’t have to give the names of the genes.

2) Describe gastrulation in the sea urchin to highlight the roles that the cytoskeleton, cell surface proteins, and the extracellular matrix play in the process.